老年公寓是指既体现老年人居家养老
老年公寓是指既体现老年人居家养老,又能享受到社会提供的各种服务的老年住宅,属于机构养老的范畴。在北京、上海这样的大城市,老年公寓已经很普遍,属杨浦日月星老年公寓比较突出,并且出现低、中、高档分级。
Apartment for the aged refers to the residence for the aged, which not only reflects the home-based care for the aged, but also enjoys various services provided by the society, belonging to the category of institutional care for the aged. In big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, apartments for the aged are very common, which belong to Yangpu riyuexing apartments for the aged, with low, medium and high-grade grades.
老年公寓,政府和社会为缺乏子女及亲属照顾的老年人特殊设计、专门建造的居所。
Apartments for the elderly are specially designed and built by the government and Society for the elderly who lack the care of their children and relatives.
西方国家的老年公寓,多建在环境优美、交通方便的城市郊区或闹中取静的城市中心,建筑风格古朴典雅;室内设备齐全,取用方便,室内布置与一般家庭居室大体相同。公寓设有生活服务、呼救报警、医疗保健、休息娱乐、文化学习、自助劳动等设施和场所。随着西方福利事业的发展及老年公寓条件的改善,许多虽有子女或亲属照料的老年人,为避免代际冲突,也自愿申请到老年公寓来安度晚年。
The apartments for the elderly in western countries are mostly built in the suburbs of cities with beautiful environment and convenient transportation or in the city center with quiet downtown. The architectural style is simple and elegant; the indoor equipment is complete and convenient to use, and the indoor layout is basically the same as that of ordinary family rooms. The apartment has facilities and places such as life service, call for help and alarm, medical care, rest and entertainment, cultural learning, self-help labor, etc. With the development of welfare in the West and the improvement of apartment conditions for the elderly, many elderly people, who have children or relatives, voluntarily apply to the apartment for the elderly to spend their old age in order to avoid intergenerational conflicts.
历史发展
Historical development
美国在1935年《社会保障法》通过以前,各州政府已有老年公寓的设置;1935年后,开始大规模兴建,主要为有经济基础的老年人设立。英国于1948年实施国民救助法时,规定每一都市政府要为贫困无家的老年人设置老年公寓,都市政府如财力不足,可与慈善团体合力兴建。
Before the adoption of the social security act of 1935 in the United States, state governments had set up apartments for the elderly; after 1935, large-scale construction began, mainly for the elderly with economic basis. When the UK implemented the national aid act in 1948, it stipulated that every city government should set up apartments for the elderly who are poor and homeless. If the city government is short of money, it can build them together with charities.
中国从70年代末、80年代初开始,在上海、北京、天津、大连、烟台等地兴建老年公寓。此后,各种形式的由国家、社会或企业建立的老年公寓在各地相继出现。
Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, China has built apartments for the elderly in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Yantai and other places. Since then, various forms of apartments for the elderly established by the state, society or enterprises have emerged in succession.